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A Closer Look at BRT
V Smoothe
Last Updated on November, 03 2008 at 10:54 AM

They call it "light rail without the tracks." Bus Rapid Transit, a system where riders holding pre-purchased tickets step from raised, sheltered platforms onto low-floor buses that operate in their own dedicated lanes, has been steadily gaining popularity throughout the world for the past three decades. Originally launched in Curitiba, Brazil in 1971, BRT has since been adopted in cities throughout South and Central America, Europe, and Asia, and has finally begun to make its way to the United States in the past few years. Systems have debuted to significant success in Los Angeles, Boston, and Eugene, Oregon.
They call it "light rail without the tracks." Bus Rapid Transit, a system where riders holding pre-purchased tickets step from raised, sheltered platforms onto low-floor buses that operate in their own dedicated lanes, has been steadily gaining popularity throughout the world for the past three decades. Originally launched in Curitiba, Brazil in 1971, BRT has since been adopted in cities throughout South and Central America, Europe, and Asia, and has finally begun to make its way to the United States in the past few years. Systems have debuted to significant success in Los Angeles, Boston, and Eugene, Oregon.

AC Transit began exploring the idea of introducing East Bay BRT in 2000, when a study on how to improve service on its busiest corridor found that a BRT line along the route would offer the same ridership gains as light rail, but cost a third as much to build and $10 million less annually to operate. The agency is now proposing a BRT line running along Telegraph Avenue, through downtown Oakland, and up International Boulevard from Berkeley to San Leandro, which they expect will double ridership along the route from 25,000 to 49,000 daily riders.

While voters in Berkeley rejected a major challenge to BRT at the polls on Tuesday, the project will still require significant political will in Berkeley, San Leandro, and Oakland. The foes of BRT will no doubt continue to peddle canards about the system. Here are a few.

The BRT line is redundant with the BART line.


This is true only in that they both run from Berkeley to San Leandro through Oakland. BRT, which would run along Telegraph Avenue and International Boulevard, would feature stops placed at a half-mile intervals, meaning the maximum walking distance from any stop to a location on the bus corridor would be a quarter-mile. BART stops along the route range from one and a half to nearly three miles apart from one another, making BART use infeasible for most destinations along the 16-mile route. If transit users thought the route was redundant with BART, it would not have 25,000 daily riders and be one of the busiest bus lines in the entire Bay Area.

BRT will not help the environment.


Not true. Bus Rapid Transit has been recognized as the most environmentally friendly form of public transportation by the Federal Transportation Authority and the Kyoto Protocols. A study published in the Journal of Public Transportation found that BRT produces one-third of the CO2 emissions of light rail. AC Transit's BRT proposal is expected to reduce automobile travel along the route by 9,300 trips and 21,000 miles per day, save 690 gallons of fuel per day, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by six million pounds every year.

BRT might work in other countries, but Americans are too wedded to their cars.


Bus Rapid Transit has been an unequivocal success everywhere it has been introduced in the United States. In Los Angeles, the Orange Line BRT route, which opened in 2005, exceeded ridership predictions for 2020 within six months of operation. The BRT line now carries more people than the city's new Gold Line subway, and 31 percent of Orange Line riders were new to public transit. When Boston debuted its Silver Line BRT along an existing bus route, ridership on the line doubled within a year. Eugene, Oregon's BRT line increased ridership by 70 percent over the previous route.


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LRT Costs
Overhead Wire, Relative costs between BRT and Light Rail for the corridor are in the Major Investment Study 2002 report on the ACTransit website. http://www2.actransit.org/planning_focus/brt/brt_details.wu. This report also provides comparison numbers for ridership. The ridership numbers given appear to come from the Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR), 2006, for the BRT system, available at the same ACTransit site. While ridership along the BRT route does go from 28,000 to 49,000 (increase of 21,000) the net increase in ACTransit ridership is only 16,000. The other 5000 riders appear to come from other (parallel?) ACTransit routes. Of the 16,000 increase in ACTransit riders, 6,000 come from BART, leaving about 10,000 diverted from cars. Exact numbers vary some depending on the link between BRT and BART at the southern end. So is BRT redundant with BART service? 40% of the new ACTransit riders attracted by the new service come from BART. The energy impact analysis comes from the report cited by V, http://www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT%209-3S%20Vincent.pdf. The CO2 emissions information uses a national estimate for CO2 per kWh that is 3 times higher that the average on the West Coast. So correcting for that, the CO2 emissions for the two modes would be about the same in Oakland. Even so, there are other questionable assumptions, such as the same number of passengers being carried by either a light rail vehicle or a BRT vehicle. This in spite of the LRT vehicle being larger and higher capacity, and the ACTransit estimates that indicate that LRT would have higher ridership than BRT (from the MIS). Other assumptions in the report are also open to discussion. So BRT is not likely to be more energy efficient than LRT, but either one is more energy efficient than cars. (Actually, that may not really be the case. Since half of the BRT riders come from other, existing, transit lines, the energy savings may only be applicable to new riders, not to all riders. Unless service is reduced on the parallel lines to make up for the reduced ridership on those lines, the actual impact on energy consumption could go either way. Difficult calculation needing many assumptions.) My larger concern is that ACTransit wants to invest $340M in a system that is an incremental improvement to our transit system, and does little if anything to address the fundamental causes in the decline of transit ridership over the last 50 years, and will worsen traffic due to the loss of a lane for autos. While V says that BRT is an innovative approach, in actuality, it is an evolutionary approach to public transit, and not the fundamental change that is needed. While BRT is more cost effective than LRT, and either is an improvement on use of personal automobiles, neither one really addresses the fact that most people do not take mass transit very often. Robert
By : Robert On : November, 05 2008 at 02:48 PM

LRT Cost
Hey V, I've never been on this site but I hear a lot about it over at Becks place. Do you know where I can find the LRT costs compared to the BRT costs? I find the estimates quoted a little hard to swallow. Seems like someone was cooking the books.
By : The Overhead Wire On : November, 04 2008 at 01:48 PM
 
 
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